What is the problem of water marks in rubber sole vulcanization

Methods to address watermarks on rubber shoe soles during vulcanization include:

Enhanced Drying: Ensure thorough drying of both the sole material and molds, employing the use of ovens or drying equipment to prevent moisture retention.
Humidity Control: Maintain an appropriate humidity level in the vulcanization area using dehumidifiers to reduce ambient moisture.
Proper Release Agent Application: Select a suitable release agent and apply it evenly following recommended quantities to avoid excess.
Mold Maintenance: Regularly clean the molds to remove residues, ensuring a smooth and flawless mold surface.
Vulcanization Process Optimization: Adjust the vulcanization temperature, duration, and pressure settings to prevent excessive temperatures that hasten moisture evaporation and watermark formation.